Sanskrit help

Hare Krishna Devotees

When I read the sanskrit sloka below in hindi(not in english) , instead of reading " abhyutthanam adharmasya" , I read "abhyutthanam dharmasya" missing the "a" (because I tried to read in hindi/sanskrit script)

So the question is when would I know in sanskrit when to add "अ" or "a" when it's not specifically added in the sanskrit word.

यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।
अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥४-७॥

परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥४-८॥

yada yada hi dharmasya
glanir bhavati bharata
abhyutthanam adharmasya
tadatmanam srjamy aham

Replies

Titash Mitra February 15, 2012 at 4:26pm

Hare Krishna mataji,

Both are same ,as said by Sudhe prabhu , when we write the word in hindi,we write it as अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य,but in english we break it and write it as abhyutthanam adharmasya.That is, we add letter 'a' after म .

But the meaning remains same,i.e both the words अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य and abhyutthanam adharmasya means -- predominance of irreligion.

Incase you need further translation,please find it below :

yada--whenever; yada--wherever; hi--certainly; dharmasya--of religion; glanih--discrepancies; bhavati--manifested, becomes; bharata--O descendant of Bharata; abhyutthanam--predominance; adharmasya--of irreligion; tada--at that time; atmanam--self; srjami--manifest; aham--I. TRANSLATION Whenever and wherever there is a decline in religious practice, O descendant of Bharata, and a predominant rise of irreligion--at that time I descend Myself.

Jai Shri Radhe
- Alka > Titash Mitra February 15, 2012 at 4:54pm
  
  Prabhuji,
  
  I wanted a general rule. I know if I read the english translation I will be o.k.
  
  Not every time we read "म" it comes with "अ".
  
  I noticed only in certain words " "म" sounds together with "अ"
  
  It has to do with sandhi rules. I think it's not easy to understand. I have to go through basic rules of sanskrit first.
  - Titash Mitra > Alka February 20, 2012 at 12:29am
    
    This question is is about the confusion that how can we separate two words which are written together?
    
    For example... अभ्युत्थानामधर्मस्य may be separated into अभ्युत्थानम + अधर्मस्य
    
    or अभ्युत्थानम + धर्मस्य
    
    Obviously the first one is correct... but how can a common reader decide which one is correct?
    
    As for as I know most of the consonants (व्यंजन) in devnagari script are incomplete without the inherent vowels (स्वर e.g. a,e,i,o,u, and sometimes y also)
    
    So अभ्युत्थानम is also incomplete and should be written with a 'हलंत' on 'म' (abhutthanam instead of abhutthanama)
    
    And when this half 'म' is joined (संधि) with 'अ' of 'अधर्मस्य', becomes complete and results into अभ्युत्थानामधर्मस्य.
    
    Now the question is that what will be there if there is 'धर्मस्य' instead of 'अधर्मस्य' ...??
    
    and the answer is...then it will be written separately like 'अभुत्थानाम धर्मस्य' or (incorrectly) 'अभुत्थानामाधार्मस्य'.
    
    And there should not be any confusion.
    
    Hope it will work.
    
    यदा यदा= जब जब
    हि = ही
    
    धर्मस्य = धर्म की
    
    ग्लानिर्भवति = हानि होती है
    
    भारत = हे भारत!
    
    (और)
    
    अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य =अधर्म की वृद्धि होती है
    
    तदात्मानं = तब तब मैं अपने आप को
    
    सृजाम्यहम् = प्रकट करता हूँ |
    
    Hare Krishna...!!!
    - Alka > Titash Mitra February 20, 2012 at 2:49pm
      
      Hare Krishna Titash prabhuji
      
      Good explanation. Thank You!!
      
      Jai shree gokulesh
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Sudheendra S February 14, 2012 at 7:54pm

both are same mataji. when we read म we split it as ma+a. If you read Sanskrit grammar you will know better. Well its much similar to sandhi vibijan. When I get confused with how to split the words, I either look at the english translation or word-to-word translation and it always helps in reading easily.

Any ways, in Kaliyuga its known fact that we are imperfect in pronouncing the Sanskrit slokas. So, do you best and try to get the translation and purport rightly which is why Srila Prabhupada has mercifully given such a oceanic literature for us to read all in English.

hari bol!!!
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Mohini Madhavi February 14, 2012 at 4:15pm

read it with devotion and Krishna will understand it! ;-)