Hare Krsna to all devotees, PAMHO, AGTSP.
I am getting regularly these interesting 'Science Religion' dialogue messages after publication of Why Biology is Beyond Physical Sciences? in Advances in Life Sciences journal by Dr.B.N.Shanta and Dr.B.V.Muni. It has aroused interest in eminent scientists worldwide to discuss about Consciousness,Evolution and Origin of Life once again.
This important service by Srila Prabhupada’s Scientific Sankirtan party must be very pleasing to Srila Prabhupada.I want to share responses for that article with you all for the pleasure of Srila Prabhupada.
Reply By Dr.B.N.Shanta to Prof.T.V. Sreenivas
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Dear Prof. T.V. Sreenivas Ji
Namaskar. Here are our replies to your thoughts.
1. Human mind, behavior, psychology, ... functions are not easy to isolate, unlike some other studies of biology or nature. When we are looking at such a highly evolved system, cause-effects are the most difficult to resolve, and each assumption would lead to a different conclusion. We dont have to worry about narrow demarcations of certain scientific disciplines, but go by a overall scientific question of measurables, models, inferences. This approach itself may be considered a limitation, but otherwise we will be floating in subjective opinions and understandings. (meta-physical)
Reply: Materialistic theories in modern science speculate that our thoughts and feelings are (1) outcome of atomic activities in brain, (2) end product of chains of physical causation rooted in atomic motion, (3) electrical impulses somehow shaped by the human nervous system into coherent patterns and so on. Under this limited framework it is difficult to address the real nature of life. This framework insists on direct observation of nature and thus denies any understanding through abstract philosophical reasoning. As we have been stating repeatedly that a child cannot use the higher rational means to grasp the reality and thus he/she tries to know every object by putting those objects inside the mouth. It is only an attempt to imitate a childish mentality that is prevalent in modern science, where scientists try to know everything within their empirically based methodologies. Thus following this attitude modern science only gave importance to the external appearance of reality. However, Quantum Mechanics forced scientists to accept the limits of such a naive approach towards understanding the reality. Until we come out of this puerile way of knowing things we cannot understand properly the deeper aspects of reality like mind (manasā), intelligence (buddhi) and false ego (ahańkāra), consciousness (cit), soul (ātman) and God (Bhagavān).
2. It is clear in computer science that a program can rewrite upon itself; similarly a layered network of neurons can prune itself, thus giving some hints of how a "control system" (loosely speaking) can evolve (or control) itself. There is recent evidence that brain structures form and dissolve in v.short time, indicating the possibility of v.fast adaptations.
Reply: Computer code, by its meaning, is a predetermined representation of information that is independent of the sender, receiver, and mechanisms of transmission {Kreiman G. Neural coding: computational and biophysical perspectives. Phys Life Rev 2004; 1:71-102}. We cannot reduce biological activities (which are driven by sentient principles) to such a simplistic reductionistic view that is commonly practiced in physical sciences. That is why all sincere scientists should know “Why Biology is Beyond Physical Sciences?” and thus they can also help others to overcome the dogmatic stand of materialistic view about living reality.
3. Adaptation, learning, cognition, recognition, conceptualization, ... are all highly pursued technology topics, at least in limited domain problems, not just scientific or philosophical ideas.
Reply: We have not shown by technology how a piece of matter can acquire subjective qualities like adaptation, learning, cognition, recognition, and conceptualization. AI is nothing but a superficial comparison of computational machines with living organisms.
4. Very very sophisticated coordination among various sub-systems of a biological system, seems apparent and necessary for any deeper understanding of behavior. So, there could be some basic schemas which will show a means to construct bigger structures and also adapt themselves in a 'safe and useful" manner. However, the concept of "purpose" hovers large in all biological evolution, which we are yet to pin down.
Reply: The main goal of materialism is to reduce mind to natural processes, which in turn can be translated into the language of math, physics and chemistry. Supporting a hedonic approach to enhance the quality of life, neuroscientists and psychologists believe that by understanding brain states they can enhance fulfillment and eliminate suffering. However, this intent to enhance fulfillment by brain manipulation does not have any available evidential support to link brain states with organism’s subjective behavior. It is difficult to separately understand brain functioning for different pleasures that are derived from basic needs (food, shelter, etc) and monetary, artistic, musical, altruistic, and transcendent pleasures. Materialism could not translate qualia (conscious experiences) into the terms of physical science. Even though it is bluntly presumed that our personality and experiences are outcomes of physical events in brain, materialism could not reduce one individual’s personality/experiences to the same series of physical events as that which underlay another individual’s personality/experiences. Our article “Why Biology is Beyond Physical Sciences?” also states:
“There were several repeated attempts to explain life materially and all of them have repeatedly come full circle, because, physical sciences mostly deal with questions that begin with “what?” and “how?” On the other hand, biological sciences will be incomplete without addressing the functional questions of purpose that begin with “why?””
For more discussions and responses: Please visit: https://goo.gl/ZBc6P3
Humbly in your Service,
Brajgopal Dasa.
Source: http://m.dandavats.com/?p=18850
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