आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara (Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests): In previous three chapters we studied about tenses. In this chapter we will study about verb-forms used in imerative mood. These verb-forms are used while giving commands or requests. आझयांलोट्लकार (aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara) verb-forms represent these.
The complete आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara of पठ् / paTh (read) and गम् / gam (go) धातु / dhaatu are given at the end of this chapter for reference. Study the following sentences. These are in imperative mood.
| आङ्ग्लभाषा / English | संस्कृत / Sanskrit | Subject शब्द / shabda | Verb धातु / dhaatu | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative Mood - Third Person Singular आझयांलोट्लकार प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara prathamapuruSha ekavachana | ||||
| 1. Let the boy read. | बालकः पठतु baalakaH paThatu | बालक baalaka | पठ् paTh | - |
| 2. Let the girl read. | बालिका पठतु baalikaa paThatu | बालिका baalikaa | पठ् paTh | - |
| 3. Let Rama read. | रामः पठतु raamaH paThatu | राम raama | पठ् paTh | - |
| 4. Let Sita read. | सीता पठतु siitaa paThatu | सीता siitaa | पठ् paTh | - |
| 5. Let the boy go. | बालकः गच्छतु baalakaH gachchhatu | बालक baalaka | गम् gam | - |
| 6. Let the girl go. | बालिका गच्छतु baalikaa gachchhatu | बालिका baalikaa | गम् gam | - |
| Imperative Mood - Third Person Plural आझयांलोट्लकार प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara prathamapuruSha bahuvachana) | ||||
| 7. Let the boys read. | बालकाः पठन्तु baalakaaH paThantu | बालक baalaka | पठ् paTh | - |
| 8. Let the girls read. | बालिकाः पठन्तु baalikaaH paThantu | बालिका baalikaa | पठ् paTh | - |
| 9. Let the students read. | च्छात्राः पठन्तु chchhaatraaH paThantu | च्छात्र chchhaatra | पठ् paTh | - |
| 10. Let the clearks read. | लिपिकाराः पठन्तु lipikaaraaH paThantu | लिपिकार lipikaara | पठ् paTh | - |
| 11. Let the boys go. | बालकाः गच्छन्तु baalakaaH gachchhantu | बालक baalaka | गम् gam | - |
| 12. Let the girls go. | बालिकाः गच्छन्तु baalikaaH gachchhantu | बालिका baalikaa | गम् gam | - |
In setences 1 to 6, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana). As the verb always follows the number and peson, the verb (पठति / paThati) is also in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana).
In case of setences 7 to 12, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person plural (प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana). Similarly the verb (पठन्ति / paThanti) is also in प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana of verb पठ् (paTh).
All the above sentences were in third person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha). Now let us study the following sentences. These are in second person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and first person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha).
| आङ्ग्लभाषा / English | संस्कृत / Sanskrit | Subject शब्द / shabda | Verb धातु / dhaatu | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative Mood - Second Person Singular आझयांलोट्लकार मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara madhyamapuruSha ekavachana | ||||
| 13. You go. | त्वं गच्छ tva.n gachchha | युस्मद् yusmad | गम् gam | - |
| 14. You read. | त्वं पठ tva.n paTha | युस्मद् yusmad | पठ् paTh | - |
| Imperative Mood - First Person Singular आझयांलोट्लकार उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara uttamapuruSha ekavachana | ||||
| 15. Let me go. | अहं गच्चानि aha.n gachchhaani | अस्मद् asmad | गम् gam | - |
| 16. Let me read. | अहं पठानि aha.n paThaani | अस्मद् asmad | पठ् paTh | - |
| Imperative Mood - Second Person Plural आझयांलोट्लकार मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana) | ||||
| 17. You all go. | युयं गच्छत yua.n gachchhata | युस्मद् yusmad | गम् gam | - |
| 18. You all read. | युयं पठत yua.n paThata | युस्मद् yusmad | पठ् paTh | - |
| Imperative Mood - First Person Plural आझयांलोट्लकार उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara uttamapuruSha bahuvachana) | ||||
| 19. Let us all go. | वयं गच्छाम vaya.n gachchhaama | अस्मद् asmad | गम् gam | - |
| 20. Let us all read. | वयं पठाम vaya.n paThaama | अस्मद् asmad | पठ् paTh | - |
In sentences 13 and 14 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person singular (मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / madhyamapuruSha ekavachana) and in case of 17 and 18 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person plural (मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana). We can see that in all these sentences the Subject used is युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of second person the kartaa is always युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda).
In sentences 15 and 16 the Subject is in first person singular (उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / uttamapuruSha ekavachana). In case of 19 and 20 the Subject is in first person plural (उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / uttamapuruSha bahuvachana). In all these sentences the Subjects used is अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of first person the kartaa is always अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda).
The followings are the dual number form of above sentences.
| आङ्ग्लभाषा / English | संस्कृत / Sanskrit | Subject शब्द / shabda | Verb धातु / dhaatu | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative Mood Dual ( आझयांलोट्लकार द्विवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara dvivachana) | ||||
| 21. Let the two boys read. | बालकौ पठताम् baalakau paThataam | बालक baalaka | पठ् paTh | - |
| 22. Let the two girls read. | बालिके पठताम् baalike paThataam | बालिका baalikaa | पठ् paTh | - |
| 23. Let the two boys go. | बालकौ गच्छताम् baalakau gachchhataam | बालक baalaka | गम् gam | - |
| 24. Let the two girls go. | बालिके गच्छताम् baalike gachchhataam | बालिका baalikaa | गम् gam | - |
| 25. Let the two students read. | च्छात्रौ पठताम् chchhatrau paThataam | च्छात्र chchhaatra | पठ् paTh | - |
| 26. Let the two clearks read. | लिपिकारौ पठताम् lipikaarau paThataam | लिपिकार lipikaara | पठ् paTh | - |
| 27. Both of you go. | युवां गच्छतम् yuvaa.n gachchhatam | युस्मद् yusmad | गम् gam | - |
| 28. Both of you read. | युवां पठतम् yuvaa.n paThatam | युस्मद् yusmad | पठ् paTh | - |
| 29. Let both of us go. | आवां गच्छाव aavaa.n gachchhaava | अस्मद् asmad | गम् gam | - |
| 30. Let both of us read. | आवां पठाव aavaa.n paThaava | अस्मद् asmad | पठ् paTh | - |
At the end of this chapter in Verb Forms - Practice Sentences 1 a collection of many Sanskrit sentences using लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara are given. You will know about many more nouns (शब्द / shabda) and verbs (धातु / dhaatu) in those.
In the next chapter we will study विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) or optative mood.
| Read / पठ् / paTh : आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara (Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Person / पुरुष / puruSha | Number / वचन / vachana | ||
| Singular एकवचन / ekavachana | Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana | Plural बहुवचन / bahuvachana | |
| Third प्रथम / prathama | पठतु / paThatu | पठताम् / paThataam | पठन्तु / paThantu |
| Second मध्यम / madhyama | पठ / paTha | पठतम् / paThatam | पठत / paThata |
| First उत्तम / uttama | पठानि / paThaani | पठाव / paThaava | पठाम / paThaama |
| Go / गम् / gam : आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara (Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Person / पुरुष / puruSha | Number / वचन / vachana | ||
| Singular एकवचन / ekavachana | Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana | Plural बहुवचन / bahuvachana | |
| Third प्रथम / prathama | गच्छतु / gachchhatu | गच्छताम् / gachchhataam | गच्छन्तु / gachchhantu |
| Second मध्यम / madhyama | गच्छ / gachchha | गच्छतम् / gachchhatam | गच्छत / gachchhata |
| First उत्तम / uttama | गच्चानि / gachchhaani | गच्छाव / gachchhaava | गच्छाम / gachchhaama |
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