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Shankaracharya ~ The covered Vaishnava

In recent times we find that there is a considerable growth in the business of self proclaimed Godman and spiritual organization all having their self made philosophy without having any authenticated root in time less Vedanta or if some claiming they are following Vedanta they take limited portion of Vedanta to support their notion of God being ultimately impersonal or in worst case they themselves are God. So if we have to trace back the root of the conception of Supreme being impersonal we can't avoid the work of celebrated Legend the greatest Advaitin ever Adi Shankaracharya. The world knows him for his unsurpassed knowledge on Vedanta and its practical application. More or less all the authenticate organization following the Advaita school of thought depends on his philosophical work specially his commentary on Vedanta sutra known as Sariraka Bhasya and his Gita and upanisad Bhasya. If we go to the Advaitins they will all teach us that how Supreme Brahman is ultimately impersonal and will support their statement by quoting Shankaracharya's work. What they will not tell us that Shankaracharya was a Vaisnava and his most of the writing indicates that. So I have consolidated quotes from major writings of Shankaracharya which reflects his devotion towards supreme Lord Krishna and his acceptance of supreme brahman is not impersonal rather He has form.

 [Note: As to why Adi Shankara later came to be wrongly depicted as though he smeared ashes in his body, followed the six faiths equally (Shanmatha), and had works such as "Shivanandalahari" (singing deities other than Vishnu to be supreme and superior to Vishnu) attributed to his name is a matter that is outside the scope of our discussion, at this point.]

 

In his introductory section in bhagavad gItA bhAShya Shankaracharya writes:

"Vishnu, the one known by the name nArAyaNa, the primordial Creator" (Adi kartA nArAyaNAkhyO viShNuH), that he is "beyond the material universe" (nArAyaNaH parO avyaktAt) and that He is the original Creator of the universe (sa bhagavAn sRShTvEdaM jagat)

Narayana is beyond the Avyakta ;

From the Avyakta the Mundane Egg is born ;

Within the Mundane Egg, verily, are these worlds

And the Earth made up of the seven Dvipas.

 

(Sri Sankara's commentary to Bhagavad Gita, 10.8)

ahaM paraM brahma vAsudevAkhyaM sarvasya jagataH prabhava utpattiH | matta eva sthiti-nAsha-kriyA-phalopabhoga-lakSaNaM vikriyA-rUpaM sarvaM jagat pravartate |

"(Lord Krishna says) 'I, the Supreme Parabrahman known by name as vAsudeva, am the source of the whole world. From Me alone evolves the whole universe in all its changes, including existence and dissolution, action, effect, and enjoyment'":

 

(Introductory Chapter, Sri Sankara's bhagavadgItAbhASya).

paramArtha-tattvaM ca vAsudevAkhyaM parabrahma-abhideya-bhutaM visheSataH abhivyaj~nayad vishiSTa-prayojana-sambandha-abhideyavad gItA-shAstraM

"It (the Bhagavad Gita) expounds specially the nature of the Supreme Being and the Truth known as vAsudeva, the para-brahman, who forms the subject matter of the discourse":

 

In the bhagavad gItA bhAShya 11.43, Shri Shankara says that Vishnu is the unparallelled Supreme Deity, and that there can not be another Supreme Deity, since that would violate logic:

na tvat samo(a)sti, abhi adhika kuto-anyo loka-trayo-api, apratima-prabhAva?

(Bhagavad Gita, 11.43)

[There is none who is equal to you, and when that is the case, how even can there be any who is superior to You in any of three worlds, Oh Lord, who is of unrivaled power?]

Commenting on Gita verse 10.2, Sri Shankara explains:

na me viduH na jAnanti suragaNAH brahmAdayaH | kiM te na viduH? mama prabhavaM prabhAvaM prabhushakti-atishayam, athavA prabhavaM prabhavanaM utpattiM | na-api mahaRSayaH bhRgvAdayaH viduH | kasmAt te na viduriti-ucyate -- aham AdiH kAraNaM hi yasmAt devAnAm mahaRSINAM ca sarvashaH sarvaprakAraiH

["(Lord Krishna says) 'neither the devas -- Brahma and others -- know; -what do they not know? My majesty, abundance of lordly power-or, derived in the sense of 'coming into being', it means origin. Nor even the great sages, Bhrgu, Marici, Atri, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and Vasistha. This is because I (Lord Krishna) am the Supreme Primordial Cause of all, including the devas and the sages.'"]

in the Gita Bhashya (9.25) that Vaishnavas (Shankaracharya specifically uses the word "Vaishnavas" here) attain to the highest state of liberation, while the worshippers of other devatas receive comparitively petty fruits.

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 let us see how Shankara glorifies Lord Narayana in his Upanisad commentary

"IdRgIshvaro nArAyaNAkhyaH"

"Supreme Lord is with the name nArAyaNa" (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad bhAShya, 3.7.3)

"eSha devo viShNur anantaH... sarva bhUtAnAM antarAtmA" ~"Vishnu, or Ananta, who is the primordial being, who has all the three worlds for His body, and who is the in-dwelling Soul of all the beings"  (Mundaka Upanishad bhAShya, 2.1.4)  

"viShNOr vyApanasheelasya brahmaNo vAsudevAkhyasya paramam utkRShTam padam sthAnam"~ “The all-pervading Brahman, the Supreme Soul, known by the name vAsudEva" (kaTha upaniShad bhAShya, 1.3.9)

Chandogya 8.12.3 Shankara Bhashyam:

evaṃ ca sa uttamapuruṣa uttamaścāsau puruṣaścetyuttamapuruṣaḥ sa evottamapuruṣo 'kṣisvapnapuruṣau vyaktāvavyaktaśca suṣuptaḥ samastaḥ saṃprasanno 'śarīraśca svena rūpeṇeti /

eṣāmeṣa svena rūpeṇāvasthitaḥ kṣarākṣarau vyākṛtāvyākṛtāvapekṣyottamapuruṣaḥ kṛtanirvacano hyayaṃ gītāsu /

Here, Shankara refers to the Nirvachanam in Gita, hence again confirming that the Uttama Purusha is Vishnu only. This is supported by Anandagiri, who in the Chandogya Upanishad Tika, quotes the Gita 15.17 and 15.18.

All this firmly establishes that the “Uttama Purusha” spoken about in the Chandogya Upanishad is none but Lord Vishnu only. These also establishe that only Lord Krishna is glorified as Supreme Brahman in Bhagavad Gita.

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Now let us see from his commentary on Vedanta sutra (Sariraka Bhasya)

From time to time, however, fallen souls, driven by their lowly nature which they have unfortunately accrued as a result of their own actions (karma), have developed a sense of contempt at such single-minded ananya bhakti. Shankara, the advaita AcArya, instead says that the vaiShNava position regarding the (i) supremacy of nArAyaNa, (ii) the practice of single-minded devotion, and (iii) the various holy rites and rituals enjoined in pA~ncarAtra saMhitas are not to be refuted, but respected by any one who claims to be in the path of Vedanta (Upanishads):

"tatra yattAvaducyatE yO 'sau nArAyaNaH parO 'vyaktAt prasiddhaH paramAtmA sarvAtmA... yadyapi tasya bhagavatO 'bhigamanAdilakShaNam ArAdhanam ajasram-ananya-cittayA'bhiprEyatE, tadApi na pratisidhyatE, shrutismRtyOrIshvarapraNidhAnasya prasiddhatvAt"

[We do not intend to oppose the doctrine that nArAyaNa, who is superior the material universe, who is the supreme soul (paramAtmA), and the soul for all (sarvAtmA)... Nor do we mean to object to the inculcation of unceasing single-minded devotion on the Supreme Lord which appears in the Pancharatra doctrine under the forms of abhigamana (visiting Vishnu temples with utmost devotion in mind, with senses subdued) etc., for that we are to meditate on the Lord we know full well from shruti and smRti. - Brahma Sutra Bhashya, 2.2.42]

SHANKARA ACCEPTS THAT SUPREME LORD IS VISHNU AND HE HAS MULTIPLE FORM IN HIS VEDANTA SUTRA COMMENTARY

"Concerning this system we remark that we do not intend to controvert the doctrine that Nârâyana, who is higher than the Undeveloped, who is the highest Self, and the Self of all, reveals himself by dividing himself in multiple ways; for various scriptural passages, such as 'He is onefold, he is threefold' (Kh. Up. VII, 26, 2)', teach us that the highest Self appears in manifold forms.". - Brahma Sutra Bhashya, 2.2.42]

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Apart from his philosophical work Shankara’s devotion towards Lord Krishna reflects in his poetry also

 

hajagovindaṁ bhajagovindaṁ  
govindaṁ bhajamūḍhamate |
samprāpte sannihite kāle
nahi nahi rakśati ḍukṛñkaraṇe || 1

http://www.harekrsna.de/artikel/spacer.gif

Worship Govinda, Worship Govinda, Worship Govinda. Oh fool! Rules of Grammar will not save you at the time of your death. ~ From Bhaja Govindam

 

It doesn’t end their , his devotion to Lord Krishna flows in the writings of Krishnaastakam,Gita mahyatma

 

So from all the above verses from auhentic Vedantic text what we can conclude is:

  1. That Adi Shankara was a Vaishnava though philosophically an advaitin,
  1.  That Adi Shankara has identified "Ishvara" in "IshvaraH sarva bhUtAnAM" as Lord Narayana only,
  1. That Adi Shankara has specifically used the term "Vaishnavas" in the Gita Bhashyas, and states that "The worshipers of other deities reach the realm of those other deities. Even though their effort in worshiping is the same, they do not reach the highest result, but obtain finite results which are impermanent and run out in time. Vaishnavas alone reach the highest fruit of mukti",
  1. That Adi Shankara has specifically praised the method of worship followed by the Vaishnavas (including their single-minded devotion to Vishnu without praying to other deities) as Vedic,
  1. That all Vedanta Acharyas (including Adi Shankara) have identified the Supreme God praised by Vaishnavites, Lord Vishnu/Narayana/Krishna/Vasudeva as the Supreme Being sung in the Bhagavad Gita; he thus stands against even Adi Shankara's position regarding the Gita,
  1. That it was accepted by even Adi Shankara that Lord Vishnu ALONE is praised as the Supreme Being EVERYWHERE in the Vedas, Itihasas, and Sattvika Puranas, and
  1. That Vyasa has stated in the Mahabharata as follows: "Having examined all the Vedic scriptures inside out many times, I deem the following to be sure: That it is Narayana who is always to be meditated upon".
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  • Volunteer

    Adi Shankara was a Vaishnavite by theology, even though he is an Advaitin (belief in EkAtma vAda) by philosophy. In spite of this, and after deleting all my comments which establish this truth, our shaiva friend claims that dakShiNAmUrti upaniShad which proclaims Shiva's supremacy is authoritative and quotes a dakShiNAmUrti stOtra attributed to Adi Shankara. Adi Shankara wrote no stotras or shlokas praising Shiva, Uma, Ganesha, Skanda, or Surya as paramAtmA. This has been stated by shrI nArAyaNa bhaTTa in nArAyaNIyam, 90.5 [Nym:1]:

    śrīśaṅkaro'pi bhagavān sakaleṣu tāvat

    tvāmeva mānayati yo na hi pakṣapātī /

    tvanniṣṭhameva sa hi nāmasahasrakādi

    vyākhyad bhavatstutiparaśca gatiṃ gato'nte //

    Translation: Sri Sankara Bhagavadpada, who is reputedly free from bias, worshipped Thee particularly among all Sakala forms (those having attributes) of Thine. He wrote Commentatries only on Vishnu Sahasranama, Bhagavadgita and other works depicting Thee. In the end, he also attained salvation singing Thy praises.

    In the commentary to the above nArAyaNIyam verse, dEsha ma^ngaLa varya, another Keralite advaitin states that "Shankara wrote commentaries explaining Vishnu alone and not Shiva and others as the Supreme. He was not inclined to writing stotras glorifying Shiva.". [Nym:1]

    This establishes that the stotras glorifying Shiva, Shakti etc. (such as the two Laharis) are authored by some recent Shankaracharyas who are heads of mutts, and they have been attributed to Adi Shankara for the cause of Shaivite propaganda and anti-Vaishnavism.

    I wish to reiterate the following points, observed from Shri Shankara's authentic bhAShyas:

    In Bhagavad Gita Bhashya (9.23-9.25), Shankara says worshipers of other deities, such as vinAyaka etc. obtain finite results, whereas the vaiShNavas, who worship Lord vAsudEva obtain the eternal fruit of mOkSha [GBhS:8]. Here, Shankara specifically uses the term "vaiShNavas" and states that they alone attain eternal bliss, worshiping vAsudEva as the Supreme and as the in-dweller of all other deities. He specifically says that even though the devotees of other deities spend an effort of equal measure as the Vaishnavas (but not directed at the worship of vAsudEva), they obtain finite results which are subject to return to the samsAra (cycle of birth and death).

    Shri Shankara states, also in the bhagavad gItA bhAShya (6.47) that among the yOgis, those who worship Rudra, Aditya, etc. are inferior to those who are vAsudEva bhaktas: [GBhS:9]

    yoginām api sarveṣāṃ rudrādityādi-dhyāna-parāṇāṃ madhye mad-gatena mayi vāsudeve samāhitenāntarātmanāntaḥ-karaṇena śraddhāvān śraddadhānaḥ san bhajate sevate yo mām, sa me mama yuktatamo 'tiśayena yukto mato 'bhipreta iti

    Shankara also says in the pA~ncarAtra adhikaraNa (Brahma Sutra Bhashya, 2.2.42) that there are certain aspects of the Pancharatra doctrine which are to be accepted, and says that worshipping Lord Vishnu as the Supreme Soul with unceasing ananya devotion as inculcated by the Pancharatra Shastras is as per the vEda and smRtis. However, Shankara does not make any such approving statements regarding the rites of worship according to the shaiva doctrine (discussed in the previous adhikaraNa, from 2.2.37-2.2.41). Shankara rejects the whole doctrine as vEda bAhya. He does not identify the pUja aspect of the shaivas to be according to the vEda.

    Other early advaitins such as Sureshvara and Sarvajnatma muni also held Vishnu as supreme. Sureshvara calls Vishnu as "purANaH" and "shAshvataH". [BrUpBhV:2] [BrUpBhV:3]

    Sarvajnatman (sarvaj~nAtma muni) begins his work "sa^nkShEpa shArIraka" (Sankshepa Sariraka) with an invocation to "murArEH paramaM padaM" (The supreme station of murAri, the slayer of the demon 'Mura'). After mentioning Vishnu as the Supreme Brahman time and again, and at a certain point disowning Vaisheshika and mAhEshvara/pAshupata theories as un-Vedic, Sarvajnatman ends his work with an invocation to Vishnu's Supremely Auspicious Form and Pastimes: [SSSM:1]

    bhuja^ngamA^nga shAyinE viha^ngamA^nga gAminE

    tura^ngamA^nga bhEdinE namO rathA^nga dhAriNE

                                                                                           [Concluding verse of Sankshepa Sariraka]

    As for umA-mahEshvara, Sureshvara says that their mutual affection is laukIka i.e., worldly, and hence subject to the three modes of prakRti. This reference is found in Yajnavalkya's dialogue with Maitreyi, as told by Sureshvara in his Brihadaranyaka Bhashya Vartika. After commending Maitreyi thus (Br.Up.Bhas.Vart. 2.4.67-68):

    "All persons, by their own nature, give up a person who is seeking liberation. You however do not wish to abandon me even while I am seeking for liberation, because of your intense devotion to me Unable to endure separation from me, you wish to follow me even in liberation with the full desire of being one with me.", 

    Yajnavalkya, according to Sureshvaracharya, tells Maitreyi thus (2.4.69): [BrUpBhV:4]

    atisnEhApakRShTOmA dEhArdhaM shUlinaH shritA

    tvaM tu sarvAtmanA AtmAnaM kRtsnaM mAm-Aptmuicchasi

    Translation: Carried away by great love, Uma occupied half of the trident-bearer's (Shiva's) body body. You, however, wish to secure the whole of me, the Self, by your whole self.

    Thus, all the early advaitins where Vaishnava in their theology and faith.

  • Volunteer

    Hare Krishna Ashwani Prabhu, An Acharya how much great he may be is not beyond the authority of Vedas. We have to accept those words of an Acharya which is consistent with Vedas. Now when Shankarachraya writes commentary glorifying Lord Narayana then it is in line with the conclusion of Vedanta. Take for example Ramayana,Mahabharata,Bhagavad Gita, The Vedanta Sutra,the 10 Upanishads ,Purusha suktam,Narayana suktam all the primary and major Vedantic text . Even if you find some exception where other Gods are parised in some section (though they are interpolated or just given to prove the humble nature of Vishnu only) 90% of the text says Lord Narayana is supreme Brahman and the original sanskrit verses says that , without any need of commentary. Now also take the commentary of all Four Vaishnava sampradayas and then compare this with Shankaracharya's work. So an intelligent person will always take the double proof that is what Veda says independent of any commentary and what Acharyas says. At that time only one would have no confusion else one will be bewildered and lost. Shankara told all this to unify Bharata and defeat the grip of Buddhism , thats why he twisted the scriptures.

  • Volunteer

    Shankara's Work

    In Praise of Ganesha

    In Praise of Shiva

    In Praise of Shakti

    In Praise of Vishnu and His Avatars

    In Praise of Other Deities and Tirths

  • Volunteer

    Here you can get the complete work of Adi Shankara

    Can download all the 20 Volumes .

    http://hinduebooks.blogspot.in/2010/08/works-of-sri-sankaracharya-s...

  • Volunteer

    Much of Adi Shankara work glorifies Lord Shiva , its a fact

    http://www.shankaracharya.org/shiva_manasa_pooja.php

    http://www.shankaracharya.org/shivananda_lahari.php

    http://www.shankaracharya.org/soundarya_lahari.php

    http://www.shankaracharya.org/nirvana_shatkam.php

    many more .. ..

    Shiva Manasa Pooja of Adi Shankaracharya - Slokas, Traslation, Meaning
    Shiva Manasa Pooja of Adi Shankaracharya with Slokas and Translation
  • Volunteer

    I agree with what you wrote ,

    but what about verses he wrote glorifiying Lord Shiva and other devta's he downplays Vishnu there .

    " Thasmai nama parama karana karanaya,
    Deepthojjwalitha pingala lochanaya,
    Nagendra hara krutha kundala bhooshanaya,
    Brahmendra Vishnu varadaya Nama Shivaya. " ( Shiva Asktkam )

    Meaning :

    " I salute that Shiva, who is the real cause of causes,
    Who has reddish brown eyes which shine like light,
    Who wears garlands and ear drops made of the king of snakes,
    And who is the one who gives boons to Brahma and Vishnu
    " ( Shiva Ashtkam Verse 1)

    " Oh God of all beings,
    The foolish ones worship,
    Other gods than you,
    Without thinking of you,
    Who is the greatest God of all." ( Shivananda Lahri Verse 8 )

    " You alone grant great blessings and holy status,
    To the common people of the world,
    But carrying the holy position,
    Granted by thy kindness great,
    Vishnu and others pray you always,
    For getting more and more such positions great ." ( Shivananda Lahri Verse 18)

    http://www.shankaracharya.org/shivananda_lahari.php

    Shivananda Lahari of Adi Shankaracharya - Slokas, Traslation, Meaning
    Shivananda Lahari of Adi Shankaracharya with Slokas and Translation
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