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Utpanna Ekadasi

Suta Goswami said, "O learned brahmanas, long ago Lord Sri Krishna, the
Supreme Personality of Godhead, explained the auspicious glories of Sri
Ekadasi and the rules and regulations governing each observance of fasting
on that holy day. O best of the brahmins, whosoever hears about the origins
and glories of these sacred fasts on the Ekadasi days goes directly to the
abode of Lord Vishnu after enjoying many different kinds of happiness in
this material world.
"Arjuna, the son of Prithaa, asked the Lord, 'O Janardana, what are the
pious benefits of complete fasting, eating only supper, or eating but once
at midday on Ekadasi, and what are the regulations for observing the
various Ekadasi days? Kindly narrate all this to me'.
"The Supreme Lord Krishna replied, 'O Arjuna, in the beginning of winter
(northern hemisphere), on the Ekadasi that occurs during the dark fortnight
of the month of Margasirsha (November-December), a novice should begin his
practice of observing a fast on Ekadasi. On Dasami, the day before Ekadasi,
he should clean his teeth nicely. Then during the eight portion of Dasami,
just as the Sun is about to set, he should eat supper.
" 'The next morning the devotee should make a vow, according to the rules
and regulations, to observe fasting. At midday he should bathe properly in
a river, lake or small pond. A bath in a river is most purifying, thsat
taken in a lake is less so, and a bath in a small pond is the least
purifying. If neither a river, lake nor pond is accessible, he may bathe
with well-water.
"'The devotee should chant this prayer containing the names of Mother
Earth: "O Asvakrante! O Rathakrante! O Vishnukrante! O Vasundhare! O
Mrttike! O Mother Earth! Kindly remove all the sins I have accumulated
throughout my many past lives so that I may enter the sacred abode of the
Supreme Lord." As the devotee chants, he should smear mud over his body.
"'During the day of fasting the devotee should not speak to those who are
fallen from their religious duties, to dog-eaters, to thieves, or to
hypocrites. He should also avoid speaking with slanderers; with those who
abuse the demigods, the Vedic literatures, or brahmanas; or with any other
wicked personalities, such as those who have sex with forbidden women,
those who are known plunderers, or those who rob temples. If any such
person is spoken to or even seen during Ekadasi, one must purify oneself by
looking directly at the sun.
"'Then the devotee should respectfully worship Lord Govinda with first-
class food, flowers, and so forth. In his home he should offer the Lord a
lamp in pure devotional consciousness. he should also avoid sleeping during
the daytime and should completely abstain from sex. Fasting from all food
and water, he should joyfully sing the Lord's glories and play musical
instruments for His pleasure throughout the night. After remaining awake
all night in pure consciousness, the worshipper should give charity to
qualified brahmanas and offer his humble obeisances unto them, begging
their forgiveness for his offences.
"'Those who are serious about devotional service should consider the
Ekadasis that occur during dark fortnights to be as good as those that
occur during bright fortnights. O king, one should never discriminate
between these two kinds of Ekadasi.
Please listen as I now describe the results obtained by one who observes
Ekadasi in this way. Neither the merit one receives by taking a bath in the
sacred place of pilgrimage known as Sankhoddhara, where the Lord killed the
Sankhasura demon, nor the merit one receives upon seeing Lord Gadadhara
directly is equal to one sixteenth of the merit one obtains by fasting on
Ekadasi. It is said that by giving charity on a Monday when the moon is
full, one obtains a hundred thousand times the results of ordinary charity.
O winner of wealth, one who gives charity on the day of the sankranti
(equinox) attains four hundred thousand times the ordinary result. Yet
simply by fasting on Ekadasi one obtains all these pious results, as well
as whatever pious results one gets at Kurukshetra during an eclipse of the
sun or moon. Furthermore, the faithful soul who observes complete fasting
on Ekadasi achieves a hundred times more merit than one who performs an
Asvamedha-yajna (horse sacrifice). One who observes Ekadasi just once earns
ten times more merit than a person who gives a thousand cows in charity to
a brahmana learned in the Vedas.
"'A person who feeds just one brahmacari earns ten times more merit than
one who feeds ten good brahmanas in his own house. But a thousand times
more merit than is earned by feeding a brahmacari is achieved by donating
land to the needy and respectable brahmana, and a thousand time more than
that is earned by giving away a virgin girl in marriage to a young, well-
educated, responsible man. Ten times more beneficial than this is educating
children properly on the spiritual path, without expecting any reward in
return. Ten times better than this, however, is giving food grains to the
hungry. Indeed, giving charity to those in need is the best of all, and
there never has been or ever will be a better charity than this. O son of
Kunti, all the forefathers and demigods in heaven become very satisfied
when one gives food grains in charity. But the merit one obtains by
observing a complete fast on Ekadasi cannot be measured. O Arjuna, best of
all Kurus, the powerful effect of this merit is inconceivable even to the
demigods, and half this merit is attained by one who eats only supper on
Ekadasi.
"'One should therefore observe fasting on Lord Hari's day either by eating
only once at midday, abstaining from grains and beans; or by fasting
completely. The processes of staying in places of pilgrimage, giving
charity, and performing fire sacrifices may boast only as long as Ekadasi
has not arrived. Therefore anyone afraid of the miseries of material
existence should observe Ekadasi. On Ekadasi one should not drink water
from a conch-shell, kill living entities such as fish or pigs, or eat any
grains or beans. Thus I have described to you, O Arjuna, the best of all
methods of fasting, as you have inquired from Me.'
"Arjuna then asked, 'O Lord, according to You, a thousand Vedic sacrifices
do not equal even one Ekadasi fast. How can this be? How has Ekadasi become
the most meritorious of all days?'
"Lord Sri Krishan replied, 'I will tell you why Ekadasi is the most
purifying of all days. In the Satya-Yuga there once lived an amazingly
fearsome demon called Mura. Always very angry, he terrified all the
demigods, defeating even Indra, the king of heaven; Vivasvan, the sun-god;
the eight Vasus; Lord Brahma; Vayu. the wind-god; and Agni, the fire-god.
With his terrible power he brought them all under his control.
"'Lord Indra then approached Lord Shiva and said, "We have all fallen from
our planets and are now wandering helplessly on the earth. O lord, how can
we find relief from this affliction? What will be the fate of us demigods?'
"'Lord Shiva replied, "O best of the demigods, go to that place where Lord
Vishnu, the rider of Garuda, resides. He is Jagannatha, the master of all
the universes and their shelter as well. He is devoted to protecting all
souls surrendered to Him.'"
"Lord Krishna continued, 'O Arjuna, winner of wealth, after Lord Indra
heard these words of Lord Shiva's, he proceeded with all the demigods to
the place where Lord Jagannatha, the Lord of the universe, the protector of
all souls, was resting. Seeing the Lord sleeping upon the water, the
demigods joined their palms and, led by Indra, recite the following prayers:
"'"O Supreme Personality of Godhead, all obeisances to You. O Lord of
lords, O You who are praised by the foremost demigods, O enemy of all
demons, O lotus-eyed Lord, O Madhusudana (killer of the Madhu demon),
please protect us. Afraid of the demon Mura, we demigods have come to take
shelter of You. O Jagannatha, You are the doer of everything and the
creator of everything. You are the mother and the father of all universes.
You are the creator, the maintainer, and the destroyer of all. You are the
supreme helper of all the demigods, and You alone can bring peace to them.
you alone are the earth, the sky, and the universal benefactor.
"'"You are Shiva, Brahma, and also Vishnu, the maintainer of the three
worlds. You are the gods of the sun, moon, and fire. You are the clarified
butter, the oblation, the sacred fire, the mantras, the rituals, the
priests, and the silent chanting of japa. You are the sacrifice itself, its
sponsor, and the enjoyer of its results, the Supreme Personality of
Godhead. Nothing within these three worlds, whether moveable or immovable,
can exist independent of You. O Supreme Lord, Lord of lords, You are the
protector of those who take shelter of You. O supreme mystic, O shelter of
the fearful, please rescue and protect us. We demigods have been defeated
by the demons and have thus fallen from the heavenly realm. Deprived of our
positions, O Lord of the universe, we are now wandering about this earthly
planet."'
"Lord Krsna continued, 'Having heard Indra and the other demigods speak
these words, Sri Vishnu, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, replied, "What
demon possesses such great powers of delusion that he has been able to
defeat all the demigods? What is his name, and where does he live? Where
does he get his strength and shelter? Tell Me everything, O Indra, and do
not fear."
"'Lord Indra replied, "O Supreme Godhead, O Lord of lords, O You who
vanquish the fear in Your pure devotees' hearts, O You who are so kind to
your faithful servants, there was once a powerful demon of the Brahma
dynasty whose name was Nadijangha. he was extraordinarily fearsome and
wholly dedicated to destroying the demigods, and he begot an infamous son
named Mura.
"'"Mura's great capital city is Chandravati. From that base the terribly
evil and powerful Mura demon has conquered the whole world and brought all
the demigods under his control, driving them out of their heavenly kingdom.
He has assumed the roles of Indra, the king of heaven; Agni, the fire-god;
Yama, the lord of death; Vayu, the wind-god; Isha, or Lord Shiva; Soma, the
moon-god; Nairrti, the lord of the directions; and Pasi, or Varuna, the
water-god. He has also begun emanating light in the role of the sun-god and
has turned himself into the clouds as well. It is impossible for the
demigods to defeat him. O Lord Vishnu, please kill tis demon and make the
demigods victorious."
"'Hearing these words from Indra, Lord Janardana became very angry and
said, "O powerful demigods, all together you may now advance on Mura's
capital city of Chandravati." Encouraged thus, the assembled demigods
proceeded to Chandravati with Lord Hari leading the way.
"'When Mura saw the demigods, that foremost of demons started roaring very
loudly in the company of countless thousands of other demons, who were all
holding brilliantly shining weapons. The mighty-armed demons struck the
demigods, who began abandoning the battlefield and fleeing in the ten
directions. Seeing the Supreme Lord Hrsikesha, the master of the senses,
present on the battlefield, the furious demons rushed toward Him with
various weapons in their hands. As they charged the Lord, who holds a
sword, disk, and club, He immediately pierced all their limbs with His
sharp, poisonous arrows. thus many hundred of demons died by the Lord's
hand.
"'At last the chief demon, Mura, began fighting with the Lord. Mura used
his mystic power to render useless whatever weapons the Supreme Lord
Hrsikesa unleashed. Indeed, to the demon the weapons felt just like flowers
striking him. When the Lord could not defeat the demon even with various
kinds of weapons - whether those that are thrown or those that are held -
He began fighting with His bare hands, which were as strong as iron-studded
clubs. The Lord wrestled with Mura for one thousand celestial years and
then, apparently fatigued, left for Badarikashrama. There Lord Yogeshvara,
the greatest of all yogis, the Lord of the universe, entered a very
beautiful cave named Himavati to rest. O Dhananjaya, winner of wealth, that
cave was ninety-six miles in diameter and had only one entrance. I went
there out of fear, and also to sleep. There is no doubt about this, O son
of Pandu, for the great fight made me very tired. the demon followed Me
into that cave and, seeing Me asleep, started thinking within his
heart, "Today I will kill this slayer of all demons, Hari."
"'While the wicked-minded Mura was making plans in this way, from My body
there manifested a young girl who had a very bright complexion. O son of
Pandu, Mura saw that she was equipped with various brilliant weapons and
was ready to fight. Challenged by that female to do battle, Mura prepared
himself and then fought with her, but he became very astonished when he saw
that she fought him without cessation. The king of the demons then
said, "Who has created this angry, fearsome girl who is fighting me so
powerfully, just like a thunderbolt falling upon me?' After saying this,
the demon continued to fight with the girl.
"'Suddenly that effulgent goddess shattered all of Mura's weapons and in a
moment deprived him of his chariot. He ran toward her to attacker with his
bare hands, but when she saw him coming she angrily cut off his head. Thus
the demon at once fell to the ground and went to the abode of Yamaraja. The
rest of the Lord's enemies, out of fear and helplessness, entered the
subterranean Patala region.
"'Then the Supreme Lord woke up and saw the dead demo before Him, as well
as the maiden bowing down to him with joined palms. His face expressing His
astonishment, the Lord of the universe said, "Who has killed this vicious
demon? He easily defeated all the demigods, Gandharvas, and even Indra
himself, along with Indra's companions, the Maruts, and he also defeated
the Nagas (snakes), the rulers of the lower planets. He even defeated Me,
making Me hide in this cave out of fear. Who is it that has so mercifully
protected Me after I ran from the battlefield and went to sleep in this
cave?"
"'The maiden said, "It is I who have killed this demon after appearing from
Your transcendental body. Indeed, O Lord Hari, when he saw You sleeping he
wanted to kill You. Understanding the intention of this thorn in the side
of the three worlds, I killed the evil rascal and this freed all the
demigods from fear. I am Your great maha-sakti, Your internal potency, who
strikes fear into the hearts of all Your enemies. I have killed this
universally terrifying demon to protect the three worlds. Please tell me
why You are surprised to see that this demon has been killed, O Lord."
"'The Supreme Personality of Godhead said, "O sinless one, I am very
satisfied to see that it is you who have killed this king of the demons. In
this way you have made the demigods happy, prosperous, and full of bliss.
Because you have given pleasure to all the demigods in the three worlds, I
am very pleased with you. Ask any boon you may desire, O auspicious one. I
will give it to you without a doubt, though it be very rare among the
demigods."
""The maiden said, "O Lord, if You are pleased with me and wish to give me
a boon, then give me the power to deliver from the greatest sins that
person who fasts of this day. I wish that half the pious credit obtained by
one who fasts will accrue to one who eats only in the evening (abstaining
from grains and beans), and that half of this pious credit will be earned
by one who eats only at midday. Also, may one who strictly observes a
complete fast on my appearance day, with controlled senses, go to the abode
of Lord Vishnu for one billion kalpas after he has enjoyed all kinds of
pleasures in this world. This is the boon I desire to attain by Your mercy,
my Lord, O Lord Janardana, whether a person observes complete fasting, eats
only in the evening, or eats only at midday, please grant him a religious
attitude, wealth, and at last liberation."
"'The Supreme Personality of Godhead said, "O most auspicious lady, what
you have requested is granted. All My devotees in this world will surely
fast on your day, and thus they will become famous throughout the three
worlds and finally come and stay with me in My abode. Because you, My
transcendental potency, have appeared on the eleventh day of the waning
moon, let your name by Ekadasi. If a person fasts on Ekadasi, I will burn
up all his sins and bestow upon him My transcendental abode.
"'"These are the days of the waxing and waning moon that are most dear to
Me: Tritiya (the third day), Ashthami (the eighth day), Navami (the ninth
day), Chaturdasi (the fourteenth day), and especially Ekadasi (the eleventh
day).
"'"The merit one attains by fasting on Ekadasi is greater than that
achieved by observing any other kind of fast or by going to a place of
pilgrimage, and even greater than that achieved by giving charity to
brahmanas. I tell you most emphatically that this is true."
"'Having thus given the maiden His benediction, the Supreme Lord suddenly
disappeared. From that time onward the Ekadasi day became most meritorious
and famous all over the universe. O Arjuna, if a person strictly observes
Ekadasi, I kill all his enemies and grant him the highest destination.
Indeed, if a person observes this great Ekadasi fast in any of the
prescribed way, I remove all obstacles to his spiritual progress and grant
him the perfection of life.
"'Thus, O son of Prtha, I have described to you the origin of Ekadasi. This
one day removes all sins eternally. Indeed, it is the most meritorious day
for destroying all kinds of sins, and it has appeared in order to benefit
everyone in the universe by bestowing all varieties of perfection.
"'One should not discriminate between the Ekadasis of the waxing and waning
moons; both must be observed, O Partha, and they should not be
differentiated from Maha-Dvadasi. Everyone who fasts of Ekadasi should
recognise that there is no difference between these two Ekadasis, for they
comprise the same tithi.
"'Whoever completely fasts on Ekadasi, following the rules and regulations,
will achieve the supreme abode of Lord Vishnu, who rides upon Garuda. They
are glorious who devote themselves to Lord Vishnu and spend all their rime
studying the glories of Ekadasi. One who vows not to eat anything on
Ekadasi but to eat only on the next day achieves the same merit as one who
executes a horse sacrifice. Of this there is no doubt.
"'On Dvadasi, the day after Ekadasi, one should pray, "O Pundarikaksha, O
lotus-eyed Lord, now I will eat. Please shelter me." After saying this, the
wise devotee should offer some flowers and water at the Lord's lotus feet
and invite the Lord to eat by chanting the eight-syllable mantra thrice. If
the devotee wants to gain the fruit of his fast, he should then drink water
taken form the sanctified vessel in which he offered water at the Lord's
lotus feet.
"'On Dvadasi one must avoid sleeping during the day, eating in another's
home, eating more than once, having sex, eating honey, eating from a bell-
metal plate, eating urad-dal, and rubbing oil on one's body. The devotee
must give up these eight things on Dvadasi. If he wants to speak to an
outcaste on that day, he must purify himself by eating a Tulasi leaf or an
amalaki fruit. O best of kings, from noon on Ekadasi until dawn on Dvadasi,
one should engage himself in taking baths, worshipping the Lord, and
executing devotional activities, including the giving of charity and the
performance of fire sacrifices. If one finds himself in difficult
circumstances and cannot break the Ekadasi fast properly on Dvadasi, one
can break it by drinking water, and then one is not at fault if he eats
again after that.
"'A devotee of Lord Vishnu who day and night hears these all-auspicious
topics concerning the Lord from the mouth of another devotee will be
elevated to the Lord's planet and reside there for ten million kalpas. And
one who hears even one sentence about the glories of Ekadasi is freed from
the reactions to such sins as killing a brahmana. There is no doubt of
this. For all eternity there will be no better way of worshiping Lord
Vishnu than observing a fast on Ekadasi.'"

Thus ends the narration of the glories of Margasirsa-krsna Ekadasi, or
Utpanna Ekadasi, from the Bhavisya-uttara Purana.
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SRI NARAHARI SARKAR THAKURA

Sri Narahari Sarkar Thakura was born at Sri Khanda. Sri Krsnadasa Kaviraja
Gosvami describes that the residents of Sri Khanda formed a branch of the
desire tree of love of God. "Sri Khan?davasi (the residents of Sri Khanda)
Mukunda and his son Raghu?nandan were the thirty ninth branch of the tree,
Narahari was the fortieth, Chiran Jiva the forty first and Sulocana the
forty second. They were all big branches of the all merciful tree of
Caitanya Mahaprabhu. They distributed the fruits and flowers of love of
Godhead anywhere and everywhere. [Chaitanya Charitamrita Adi-lila 10:78-79]
Srila Jagannatha das Babaji Maharaj once stated - "Navadwip is the abode of
Goloka. Vrindavana is the abode of Gokula. And Sri Khanda is the abode of
Vaikuntha."

Sri Narahari Sarkar Thakura participated in all of Sri Gaurasundora's
pastimes. Bhakti Ratnakara states: "Sri Sarkar Thakura's glories are most
uncommon. In Braja he is known as Madhumati, whose good qualities are
unlimited." (thus proving he was not the author of it)

One day, Nityananda Prabhu arrived at Sri Khanda and said to Narahari, "All
right, we know who you are. So where's the honey, Madhu' ?" In Krsna-lila,
Narahari is the sakhi Madhumati, whose service is to supply honey for Sri
Sri Radha-Govinda and Their associates. So he immediately went to a nearby
pond and filled a pot which immediately turned into honey of the most
nectarean kind. Nityananda Prabhu and His associates drank from this pot to
their full and unlimited satisfaction.

Narahari däsa Sarakära was a very famous devotee. Locana däsa Thäkura, the
celebrated author of Sri Caitanya-mangala, was his disciple. In the
Caitanya-mangala it is stated that Sri Gadädhara däsa and Narahari Sarakära
were extremely dear to Sri Caitanya Mahäprabhu, but there is no specific
statement regarding the inhabitants of the village of Srikhanta. (A.C.
Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Chaitanya Charitamrita Adi-lila 10:78-
79.purport)

Sri Locana dasa Thakura was the dear disciple of Sri Narahari Sarkar. In
his book Caitanya mangala he introduces his guru in this way: "My Thakur
(spiritual master) is Sri Narahari das Thakura, who is very influential
amongst the medical caste. He is continuously absorbed in Krsna-prema, and
in fact his body knows nothing but Krsna. To his followers he speaks about
nothing other than love of Krsna. He was previously known in Vrindavana-
lila as Madhumati and was a storehouse of sweetness (honey), and very dear
to Radharani. Now he is now present in Kali-yuga with Sri Gaurasundara as
Sri Narahari. He is the keeper of the storehouse of love of Radha and
Krsna."  [Sri Caitanya Mangal, Sutrakhanda]

This is supported in Gaura Ganod-desh dipika of Kavi-karnapura 177.,
wherein it is said:

pura madhumati prana-
shakhi vrindavane sthitaa
adhuna naraharya-akhyah
saarakarah prabhoh priyah

"Srimati Radharani's dear friend, the Vraja-gopi named Madhumati-devi,
appeared as Narahari Saarakaara, who was very dear to Lord Chaitanya".

Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura, in his Gaura-arati kirtana, sings of some of
that intimate service to that he performed for Lord Chaitanya:  'kiba
narahari adikari chamara dhulaya' "Narahari is fanning Gaurasundara with a
yak-tail (chaumara) fan."

Sri Narahari Sarkar Thakura was a very expert singer as well as poet. He
has composed many songs about the pastimes of Lord Caitanya and Lord
Nityananda. He composed a Sanskrit work entitled Sri Bhajanamrta.
Gaurviraha-gita pada kalpataru is also attributed to him, although some
scholar devotees doubt whether it is really his own composition.

Most of Narahari Sarkar Thakura's songs have gotten mixed up with Narahari
Chakravarti Thakura's compositions (Narahari Chakravarti Thakura is the
author of Bhakti-ratnakara). Therefore is difficult to ascertain which are
actually his. Before the appearance of Sri Gaurasundara he also composed
many songs about the pastimes of Sri Sri Radha and Krsna.

Narahari was the only devotee who had the adhikara (right) to do Gaura-
kirtana in Gaurasundara's presence. Ordinarily, if anyone would praise
Mahaprabhu in His presence, or chant His Holy Name, He would block His ears
and call out "Visnu! Visnu!" Narahari, however, enjoyed the special
privilege of being able to sing about Mahaprabhu in a very unique mood and
with sweet descriptions of His transcendental beauty without objection from
Mahaprabhu.

But alas there is little else known of him.

His disappearance is on the ekadasi tithi day, of the dark fortnight, in
the month of Agrahayon (Mrigasir – Nov-Dec